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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

Reinsurance prevents a few high-cost claims from destabilizing premiums.

119th Congress, S. 3369, Medicare-X Choice Act, introduced December 8, 2025, https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3369/text

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

The public option reaches counties that private carriers can abandon.

119th Congress, S. 3369, Medicare-X Choice Act, introduced December 8, 2025, https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3369/text

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

Medicare-X turns federal purchasing power into an affordable benchmark.

119th Congress, S. 3369, Medicare-X Choice Act, introduced December 8, 2025, https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3369/text

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

Nationalization improves accountability because ownership and responsibility stop being split.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, Weapon Systems Annual Assessment 2025, GAO-25-107569, June 11, 2025, https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-25-107569

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

Modular open systems reduce vendor lock-in and improve competition over a weapon's life cycle.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, DOD Software Licenses and Modular Open Systems, GAO-25-106931, 2025, https://files.gao.gov/reports/GAO-25-106931/index.html

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

Displacing fossil generation prevents large, near-term health harms.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, final power-sector pollution standards, April 25, 2024, https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/biden-harris-administration-finalizes-suite-standards-reduce-pollution-fossil-fuel

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

Interregional transmission and storage are reliability infrastructure, not merely climate policy.

U.S. Department of Energy, National Transmission Needs Study, October 2023, https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-10/National_Transmission_Needs_Study_2023.pdf

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

A 100-percent clean power system by 2035 has multiple feasible pathways and net benefits.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Examining Supply-Side Options to Achieve 100% Clean Electricity by 2035, August 2022, https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/81644.pdf

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

Federal power institutions already supply a proven operating platform.

U.S. Department of Energy, Power Marketing Administrations, https://www.energy.gov/power-marketing-administrations

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

Single payer produces near-universal coverage and lowers out-of-pocket costs.

Congressional Budget Office, How CBO Analyzes Proposals for a Single-Payer Health Care System, Working Paper 2020-08, December 2020, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/56811

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

H.R. 3069 is an exact solvency advocate for universal federal insurance.

119th Congress, H.R. 3069, Medicare for All Act, introduced April 29, 2025, https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3069/text

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

The status quo leaves 27.1 million people entirely uninsured.

U.S. Census Bureau, Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2024, P60-288, September 9, 2025, https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2025/demo/p60-288.html

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

Public manufacturing targets economic causes that FDA authority alone cannot solve.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, GAO-25-107110, April 9, 2025, https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-25-107110

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

H.R. 6607 is an exact public-manufacturing solvency advocate.

118th Congress, H.R. 6607, Affordable Drug Manufacturing Act of 2023, introduced December 5, 2023, https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6607/text

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

Drug shortages remain concentrated in medically critical sterile injectables.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, Drug Shortages: HHS Should Implement a Mechanism to Coordinate Activities, GAO-25-107110, April 9, 2025, https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-25-107110

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

A public option can discipline premiums by adding competition.

Congressional Budget Office, A Public Option for Health Insurance in the Nongroup Marketplaces, April 7, 2021, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/57020

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

S. 3369 is a complete federal public-option solvency advocate.

119th Congress, S. 3369, Medicare-X Choice Act, introduced December 8, 2025, https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3369/text

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

Private health-insurance concentration has generally increased.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, Private Health Insurance: Market Concentration Generally Increased from 2011 through 2022, GAO-25-107194, November 14, 2024, https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-25-107194

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Negative

Negative evidence cards

Electric-utility ownership is already plural and regional—federal expansion must prove coordination benefits exceed displacement.

U.S. Energy Information Administration, “Investor-owned utilities served 72% of U.S. electricity customers in 2017,” August 15, 2019, https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=40913

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Negative

Negative evidence cards

Defense procurement failures persist across acquisition pathways—nationalization needs a governance mechanism, not just a new owner.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, Weapon Systems Annual Assessment 2025, GAO-25-107569, June 11, 2025, https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-25-107569

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