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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Negative

Negative evidence cards

Drug manufacturing is constrained by capital, technology, APIs, and quality—ownership alone cannot instantly expand safe capacity.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, GAO-25-107110, April 9, 2025, https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-25-107110

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Negative

Negative evidence cards

A public option does not automatically reduce premiums—its core design variables can reverse the result.

Congressional Budget Office, “A Public Option for Health Insurance in the Nongroup Marketplaces,” April 7, 2021, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/57020

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Negative

Negative evidence cards

Medicare for All can increase total access while also worsening queues—the negative should distinguish use from unmet demand.

Congressional Budget Office, Working Paper 2020-08, December 2020, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/56811

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

Immature technology and weak product-development practice lock in failure early.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, Weapon Systems Annual Assessment 2025, GAO-25-107569, June 11, 2025, https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-25-107569

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

The existing system produces major cost growth and nearly twelve-year timelines.

U.S. Government Accountability Office, Weapon Systems Annual Assessment 2025, GAO-25-107569, June 11, 2025, https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-25-107569

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

Stimson describes partial share acquisition as an available policy mechanism.

Julia Gledhill, “Recognizing Reality: A Case for Nationalizing the US Arms Industry,” Stimson Center, September 15, 2025, https://www.stimson.org/2025/recognizing-reality-a-case-for-nationalizing-the-us-arms-industry/

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

A qualified solvency advocate proposes the Green TVA mechanism the plan adopts.

Bernie Sanders presidential campaign, The Green New Deal, 2019; mechanism summarized by Matt Bruenig, People's Policy Project, August 22, 2019, https://www.peoplespolicyproject.org/2019/08/22/bernie-sanders-endorses-green-tva-approach-to-green-new-deal/

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

Private project-by-project incentives cannot capture the systemwide value of a national grid.

U.S. Department of Energy, National Transmission Needs Study, October 2023, https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-10/National_Transmission_Needs_Study_2023.pdf

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Affirmative

1AC evidence

The grid needs substantially more regional and interregional transmission by 2035.

U.S. Department of Energy, National Transmission Needs Study, October 2023, https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-10/National_Transmission_Needs_Study_2023.pdf

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Negative

Arms manufacturing

Existing government-owned ammunition production has coordination and governance failures that undermine efficiency claims.

U.S. Government Accountability Office (independent, nonpartisan congressional watchdog). (2022, October 13). Army ammunition: Actions needed to improve management of procurement and production practices (GAO-23-105352). https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-23-105352

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Negative

Pharmaceuticals

A current bill treats domestic pharmaceutical capacity as a permitting and regulatory-barrier problem with non-ownership solutions.

U.S. Congress. (2025, February 18). H.R. 1405, Enhancing Domestic Drug Manufacturing Competitiveness Act, 119th Congress. Congress.gov. https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1405/text

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Negative

Arms manufacturing

DoD’s preferred resilience strategy uses partnerships, risk sharing, stockpiles, supplier diversity, and flexible acquisition—not nationalization.

Clark, J. (DOD News writer). (2024, January 12). DOD releases first Defense Industrial Strategy. U.S. Department of Defense. https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3644527/dod-releases-first-defense-industrial-strategy/

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Negative

Electric utilities

Regional grid operators are already approving record transmission portfolios, weakening federal-ownership inherency.

U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity (federal grid-policy office). (2026, July 9). Draft National Transmission Needs Study. https://www.energy.gov/oe/national-transmission-needs-study

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Negative

Health insurance

Single-payer coverage increases demand faster than supply, producing more unmet demand, delays, and forgone care.

Swagel, P. L. (Director, Congressional Budget Office). (2020, December 10). How CBO analyzes proposals for a single-payer health care system. Congressional Budget Office. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/56898

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Negative

Health insurance

Single-payer would shift an additional $1.5–$3.0 trillion in 2030 health subsidies onto the federal budget and require new financing.

Swagel, P. L. (Director, Congressional Budget Office). (2020, December 10). How CBO analyzes proposals for a single-payer health care system. Congressional Budget Office. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/56898

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Topicality

Arms manufacturing

“Arms manufacturing” spans multiple NAICS industries, including small-arms ammunition, other ammunition, small arms and ordnance, and guided missiles.

U.S. Census Bureau (federal statistical agency). (2022). 2022 NAICS Manual, U.S. Industries 332992–332994 (pp. 242–243). https://www.census.gov/naics/reference_files_tools/2022_NAICS_Manual.pdf

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Topicality

Pharmaceuticals

The pharmaceutical industry includes biological and medicinal products, botanical processing, active medicinal principles, and finished drug forms.

U.S. Census Bureau (federal statistical agency). (2022). 2022 NAICS Manual, Industry 32541: Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing (pp. 198–199). https://www.census.gov/naics/reference_files_tools/2022_NAICS_Manual.pdf

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Topicality

Health insurance

The health-insurance industry is the underwriting of risk—not the delivery of health-care services.

U.S. Census Bureau (federal statistical agency). (2022). 2022 NAICS Manual, U.S. Industry 524114: Direct Health and Medical Insurance Carriers (p. 434). https://www.census.gov/naics/reference_files_tools/2022_NAICS_Manual.pdf

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Topicality

Electric utilities

“Electric utilities” includes generation, transmission, and distribution—not every energy-sector activity.

U.S. Census Bureau (federal statistical agency). (2022). 2022 NAICS Manual, Industry Group 2211: Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution (p. 114). https://www.census.gov/naics/reference_files_tools/2022_NAICS_Manual.pdf

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2026 2026-27 NFA-LD Nationalization Topicality

Interpretive authority

NAICS is the federal government’s standard for defining industry boundaries.

U.S. Census Bureau (federal statistical agency). (2022). North American Industry Classification System, United States, 2022 (p. 15). https://www.census.gov/naics/reference_files_tools/2022_NAICS_Manual.pdf

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