That means inflation will occur irrespective of the true relationship between spending and inflation.

Cleveland Federal Reserve, "Measures Expected Inflation," Federal Reserve, xx-xx-2023, https://www.clevelandfed.org/center-for-inflation-research/measures-expected-inflation-- 嘉玮

Individuals make choices based not only on past events and current developments, but also by looking forward and thinking about the future. Moreover, when individuals act on their beliefs, there is the possibility that expectations can lead to self-fulfilling outcomes. That is, if individuals expect a certain event to occur and others share the same view, then their collective behavior can cause the expected event to take place when it otherwise may not have. Consequently, expectations can affect economic outcomes.

Policymakers recognize the forward-looking nature of consumers and firms, and this explains why they not only consider it important to track inflation, but also why they consider it important to measure and monitor inflation expectations—what people think or anticipate inflation will be in the future. This is because people’s inflation expectations play a key role in the economic and financial decisions they make, and thus their inflation expectations will affect, among other things, what actual inflation turns out to be.