JG is universal without “significant restrictions”

While both developing and developed capitalist economies have overseen dozens of local and national public direct job creation programs targeting specific communities, industries, or seasons over the last century, no country has ever implemented a universal federal guarantee. For the purposes of this thesis, a job guarantee is universal when it provides permanent employment without significant restrictions. Among the list of implemented public job programs, three stand out. India, Argentina, and the United States have enacted the three largest and most comprehensive job programs, and the only federal job guarantees, in history. No other country has attempted programs as demographically or geographically comprehensive. Contemporarily, many theorists have explored the possibility of a job guarantee, but only Paul et al. and Tcherneva have provided specific proposals that describe the structure of a guarantee within the context of the American labor market. These two plans form the fourth and fifth case studies.