A UBI is the only way to reduce the State’s control over the individual – without it, the State will absorb the individual.

In a bio-economic context, instead, the production of added value (wealth) converges ever more with the production and reproduction of social life itself: it thus becomes ever more difficult to keep distinctions among productive, reproductive and unproductive labour. Labour - material, immaterial, cognitive or corporeal - produces and reproduces social life. The progressive in distinction between production and reproduction highlights the incommensurability of time and value. The most clear example is provided by cognitive work, in which the power of science, knowledge, affect ad communication is fundamental for its productivity, but whose source is not definable on individual basis, but only on social basis. It is the result of what Marx names the “general intellect”. According to Marx, at a certain point in capitalistic development (which Marx glimpsed as the future), the powers of labour are infused by the powers of science, communications and language. General intellect is a collective, social intelligence created by accumulated knowledge, techniques and know-how. General intellect is a common good, whose value becomes incommensurable.

Proposition 11:

As labour moves outside factories and life is put in production (bioeconomy), it is increasingly difficult to maintain the fiction of any measure of the working day and thus separate the time of production from the time of reproduction, or work from leisure time. There are no time clocks to punch on the terrain of bio-political production.

Proposition 12:

In this contest, the right remuneration for bio-political inputs, since the most important input for production becomes the life itself, is a remuneration of the existence: in other word, a basic income and a guaranteed income for all. Basic income stands opposed to the entire family wage. Basic income extends well beyond the family to the entire population/multitude, even those who are unemployed, because the entire multitude produces. In post-Fordist society, labour power has become increasingly collective and social. The old Fordist slogan “equal pay for equal work” cannot be more supported when labour cannot be individualized and measured.