Kaim-Caudle definition is overbroad---it’s totally uncited by the prevalent literature.
Kwong-leung Tang & James Midgley 8, Tang is an Associate Professor in the College of Arts, Social and Health Sciences at the University of Northern British Columbia, Canada; Midgley is Harry and Riva Specht Professor and dean emeritus of the School of Social Welfare at the University of California, Berkeley, “The Origins and Features of Social Security,” Social Security, the Economy and Development, edited by James Midgley and Kwong-leung Tang, Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008, pp. 17–50 Springer Link, doi:10.1057/9780230582194_2
One of the most comprehensive typologies of social security provisions was developed by Kaim-Caudle (1973) in his study of social security in ten industrial countries. It was noteworthy because it included both statutory and non-statutory provisions. Drawing on an earlier analysis of the social divisions of welfare by Titmuss (1958), Kaim-Caudle argued that social security not only includes organized income maintenance services provided by the state, but also indirect benefits provided through fiscal measures, those provided by voluntary organizations as well as occupationally linked benefits provided by employers. Examples of non-statutory social security schemes include the payment of sickness benefits, retirement pensions, and a variety of ‘perks’ to workers by their employers and the provision of benefits by charitable societies. Although this attempt to expand the definition of social security and comprehensively incorporate a wide variety of income protection programmes is commendable, it has proved to be too broad and is not often cited today.