A UBI would re-entrench discrimination against ex felons and immigrants by excluding them.
Williams, 2021 - Research and Data Section, UN Women [Loui, Policy Brief No. 22 “Universal Basic Income: Potential And Limitations From A Gender Perspective” https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/Library/Publications/2021/Policy-brief-Universal-basic-income-en.pdf Acc 1/28/23 TA]
Finally, UBI raises important questions around who is included in a purportedly ‘universal’ scheme. For example, if receipt were attached to narrow notions of citizenship, incarcerated or formerly-incarcerated persons (a group often including disproportionately high numbers of people of colour and people living in poverty), migrants and their children (particularly those who are undocumented), unhoused people and those without government-issued IDs that reflect their identity (including many transgender and intersex individuals) might all experience exclusionary treatment.30 Box 2 further discusses the extent to which UBI could address structural inequalities.