UBI is unconditional
Buchs 22 – [Milena; 2/2/22; IPL expert Professor of Sustainable Welfare; UNESCO Inclusive Policy Lab; “Sustainable welfare: would a mix of universal basic income and universal basic services help?”; https://en.unesco.org/inclusivepolicylab/analytics/sustainable-welfare-would-mix-universal-basic-income-and-universal-basic-services-help; accessed 7/21/23; Lowell-JL]
UBI is defined here as a regular income paid by the state to every resident, unconditional on employment, family status or other criteria, and at a level that contributes to needs satisfaction (Van Parijs and Vanderborght, 2017). UBI therefore differs from “minimum income” schemes where benefits remain means or needs tested. UBI can be “partial” which would mean lower than the level required to satisfy all needs, and I will argue below that this could be a way forward for combining it with UBS (Van Parijs and Vanderborght, 2017, pp. 165–169). UBS are publicly or collectively provided services for everyone in society free at the point of use. UBS address basic needs; examples include health, social care, education, housing, water, energy, transport and internet (Büchs, 2021).