Refusal of Jobs Guarantees are crucial to create moments of rupture in settler colonialism.

Resistance and refusal are also more subtle. When people don’t turn up to their CDP activities people are breeched and Centrelink withholds their payments. Not turning up has been analysed as refusal where people decline to engage in government make likework. 80 Others moved out of the trial site when they were put on the cashless debitcard. 81First Nations people have also refused to centre government development intheir lives and have continued to pursue their own notions of care on country, undertak-ing activities and work that does not always align to government ideas of development. In response to the occupation, both physical and behavioural, Indigenous people have always resisted in ways that have delegitimised the narrative of settler colonialism.82Responses to the assemblage include ways for people to reclaim power over imposed bureaucratic power.83So, whilst the assemblage does bring hardship to people’s lives, assimilation of behaviours is only an attempt. Following Audra Simpson, settler colonialism is a process, but its flip side are the constant acts of refusal to assimilation. 84Resistance and agency are also shown in other aspects of the assemblage–not always in direct opposition to the state, but can also come from within. Bureaucrats deployed as implementors of policy spoke privately about trying to find ways to divert and lesson impacts of politicians’ ideology. In the example above about the counsellors of Halls Creek Shire voting no to implementation of the Cashless Debit Card, also showed agency and resistance to the will of both State and Federal politicians. Sites of resistance and agency such as First Nations refusal as well as resistance within government itself underline the possibilities of emergence in the process of assemblage. Whilst the Indigen-ous development assemblage may seem enduring and never ending, there are always moments of incoherence, repudiation and rupture.