1 --- Pollution
CIEL ND, Center for International Enviromental Law, “Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): Frequently Asked Questions, Does capturing carbon also reduce other toxic air emissions?,”https://www.ciel.org/carbon-capture-and-storage-ccs-frequently-asked-questions/#:~:text=No%2C%20CCS%20does%20not%20alleviate,increases%20pollutant%20emissions%20on%20site. // KG
No, CCS does not alleviate harmful air pollutants, and may actually lead to additional emissions at the point of capture. Because of carbon capture’s energy penalty, burning fossil fuels to power the process increases pollutant emissions on site. Moreover, CCS increases the upstream impacts of fossil fuel production and refining in proportion to the additional energy consumed. The use of amine-based chemicals (such as monoethanolamine (MEA)) for CCS can lead to significant releases of ammonia as well. And, because CCS relies on underlying facilities by design, CCS retrofits risk exacerbating pollution and environmental injustice in communities already burdened by existing polluting facilities. This is in part why the White House Environmental Justice Advisory Council flagged CCS; carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS); and direct air capture (DAC) as examples of projects that will not benefit a community.