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Exclusionary epistemics magnify Islamophobic rhetoric and force Muslims to conform to “the game” of the settler, perpetuating a cyclical pattern of racism.

Rachid Acim ’19, assistant professor @ Ibn Zohr University, received master’s and Ph.D. @ Sultan Moulay Sliman University, “Islamophobia, Racism and the Vilification of the Muslim Diaspora.”, Islamophobia Studies Journal, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A642011500/AONE?u=umuser&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=c530b283 //MZ

American Muslim diaspora are themselves mistreated and discriminated against; they are not in a strong position, especially if they are at airports, travelling or socializing in a different milieu. Tellingly, Muslim parents hardly do they report any racist or Islamophobic acts to the police either because they want to protect their children or because they do not want the situation to aggravate more. According to the vanguards of Islamophobia Studies, Islamophobia presumably feeds off the ISIS rhetoric, and it helps the proponents of  and extremism by fueling their narrative against the West. While propagating Muslim's immigration and Islam's expansion as dangerous ideologies not only do the Islamophobes create and manufacture myths about the Muslim immigrants, but they also direct  through the formation of ample epistemologies that excludes and never includes people. No wonder then to find horrendous phrases evoking the social exclusion of Muslims such as "terrorist savages" and "mongrels" (Foreign Policy, June 14, 2016), "rabid dogs" and "rattlesnakes" (The Washington Post, November 21, 2015), or even "suicide bombers" and "misogynists" (The New York Times, August 2, 2016), widely circulating among some media actors, political activists and even ordinary people. The Muslim diaspora are arguably the most despised, targeted and criticized groups. They are "the wretched of the earth," to borrow Fanon's (1925-1961) phraseology; their language, and so are their faith and culture, are constantly ridiculed and demonized. They feel themselves obliged to cope with innumerable cases of humiliation, insults, physical and verbal onslaught. Some years ago Jews underwent the same experience. Marcus assumes that "discrimination against the Jews is a phenomenon nearly as old as . At different times and places, it has taken different forms and varied in intensity (Marcus 1983, 2012). Although their case is dissimilar to Jews, Muslims appear to be enduring considerable afflictions and an unpretending persecution. In Myanmar, which is Buddhist majoritarian, the Muslim minority are sometimes denied  and other rights like their Buddhist counterparts. They are facing discrimination and violence, yet this state of affair is hardly noted or covered by global media. Muslim Uyghurs' oppression and unending sufferings in Xinjiang are seldom documented or reported on. They have in turn sustained times of fear, violence and repression owing to the  government's exaggerated crackdown on terrorism and religious extremism. If Muslims, in the United States of America and Europe, or even in Burma, China and other parts of the globe, do not conform to and abide by the codes and conventions (or even values) of the host land, and if they do not play the political game correctly, or if they attempt to alter the rules and regulations, they will be rejected, prejudiced and discriminated against. This is more or less identical to the very famous Japanese "anime" Yu-Gi-Oh, being now a worldwide phenomenon among youngsters. That means if one aspires to be affiliated to the Yu-Gi-Oh and be considered a member and a player, they must meet what Gee (1999) has termed a "social good." (3) If they get accepted "win"--the game--they gain a social good, and if they do not get fully accepted--"lose" the game--they lose a social good. And so long as racism is exercised against Muslims and hatred is enacted upon them, they have not earned any social good yet, for they might be expected to turn over their religious suit to have that prerogative. The situation of Muslim diaspora in Europe is sometimes more disastrous because they seem to face deep-seated discrimination in education, housing and employment. Irrespective of the fact that they were born in Europe, these Muslim subjects experience different traumas of social exclusion, hatred and xenophobia. The repetitious questions addressed, for example, to this Dutch Muslim woman have one point in common: Muslim women are unwelcome in Europe like their male partners. "A question I have heard many times is, 'When are you going back?'" a Dutch Muslim woman said in a news report to Reuters. "I say, 'I was born in Rotterdam, so where would I go?' It's a really painful question and makes you feel like a foreigner" (The New York Times, December 19, 2016).

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