Islamophobic organizations are funded by the USFG and camouflaged by cries for national security to sustain Western hegemony.

The exponential rise of far-right groups and other hate-mongering organizations in the West, especially in the United States, has been a cause for alarm among various stakeholders, particularly those at the receiving end. A source gives the figure at above 1,000 such organizations in the US alone (New York Times, 2019). They are notably well financed, highly interconnected and have a strong presence in the internet as well as influence on the mainstream media. Prominent Islamophobic purveyors in the United States include individuals and organizations like Daniel Pipes, Robert Spencer, Steven Emerson, Frank Gaffney, Pamela Geller, Jihad Watch, Act! For America, Middle East Forum, American Freedom Defence Initiative, Center for Security Policy, Clarion project, Center for the Study of Political Islam and the David Horowitz Freedom Center (Carter Centre, 2017; Council on American-Islamic Relations & , 2016; Center for American Progress, 2011). While in the UK they include the English Defence League, Britain First, National Action, No Shariah Here, among others (Perocco, 2018; Allen 2011, 2017), who partake not only in political rallies but organize protests against the building of mosques, and stir up citizens about supposedly creeping Shariah and Jihad, among other things. Their xenophobic aura becomes manifest in their targeting immigrant communities, particularly Muslims, and sustained attack on immigration/multicultural policies under the pretext of national security and purity, identity protection, nationalism etc. They do not openly call for violence against Muslims but the persistent demonization arguably triggers people with violent impulses to act thus (at least Anders Breivik, the Norwegian white supremacist who killed 77 people in July 2011 mentioned Robert Spencer and Pamela Geller more than 170 times in his 1,500-page manifesto, describing them as experts on Islamic mission in the West [Center for American Progress, 2011], while the Christchurch far-right attacker, Brenton Tarrant, who killed 50 Muslims while they were praying in mosques in New Zealand, showered praise on Trump as "a symbol of renewed white identity and common purpose" [Aljazeera March 16, 2019]). Such groups are more widely spread in the United States because of the extraordinary privilege and protection available under the First Amendment. Simon Boazman (2018) of the Aljazeera Investigative Unit has recently traced the origin and development of such Islamophobic organizations as Robert Spencer's Jihad Watch, Pamela Geller's American Freedom Defence Initiative, Brigitte Gabriel's Act! For America, Frank Geffney's Center for Security & Policy, and Daniel Pipes' Campus Watch, their missions and connection with members of Trump's administration, their strategies of penetrating (social) media, policy environment and law enforcement agencies, and most importantly their sources of funding. These groups get millions of dollars annually as donation from such foundations as the Lynde and Harry Foundation, Jewish Community Federation of Sans Francisco, The Peninsular Marin & Sonoma Counties, Jewish Community of Los Angeles, Jewish United Fund of Metropolitan Chicago, among others. "Almost 80% of the donors," says Boazman (2018), "have vocally or financially supported causes that promote the state of Israel." According to a 2016 report released by the Council on American-Islamic Relations and University of , Berkeley, Centre for Race and Gender, 33 of these organizations received at least $205,838,077 between 2008 and 2013. The Center for American Progress, on the other hand, revealed that seven of such donor foundations spent $42.6 million between 2001 and 2009 on spreading Islamophobic rhetoric in the US alone (Considine, 2017). According to Saylor (2014), the David Horowitz Freedom Center received $488,953 in 2011 alone, while Brigitte Gabriel's Act! For America witnessed a hike in donations from $87,300 in 2010 to $156,473 in 2011. While Boazman's documentary exposed a document in which Daniel Pipes requested $120,000 for his Campus Watch to counter the Muslim Students Association's voice and activities, Saylor's (2014) investigation noted his Middle East Forum's disbursement of funds of $1,242,000 to Steve Emerson's Investigative Project on Terrorism between 2009 and 2010 and $450,000 to Yagal Carmon's Middle East Media Research Institute within the same period of time, among several others. On the whole the Council on American-Islamic Relations and University of California's (2016) investigation acknowledged the existence of 33 well-funded groups for the spread of antipathy and prejudice against Muslims, and 41 foundations fun-neling funds to the cause. But the top seven of the donor groups, according to Center for American Progress (2011), remain: 1) Donors Capital Fund, 2) Richard Mellon Scaife foundations, 3) Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, 4) Newton D. & Rochelle F. Becker foundations and charitable trust, 5) Russell Berrie Foundation, 6) Anchorage Charitable Fund and William Rossenwald Family Fund, and 7) Fairbrook Foundation. The primary objective of this movement is to galvanize public sentiment against Muslims so that they can be pariahs in the American public sphere. The pervasiveness of fear and hatred toward them would ultimately drown or suppress the voices of American, nay Western Muslims, from canvassing for Palestinian rights (Carter Center, 2017).