2NC---AT: PDCP

Ian Gough, 1-19-2021, Ian Gough is Visiting Professor in CASE (Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion) and an Associate of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change. (“Move the debate from Universal Basic Income to Universal Basic Services,” UNESCO, 1-19-2021 , 7-20-2023)//AAlmand

Many arguments have been made for Universal Basic Income (UBI). This article summarizes an alternative case: for Universal Basic Services (UBS). The issue of their relationship is not directly considered here, but the argument is made that UBS is more egalitarian and sustainable than UBI, as befits the rethinking of eco-social policy in the face of dangerous climate change. Furthermore, it is argued that UBS is also politically more incremental and reformist than the case for a true UBI. UBS advocates a wider range of free public services enabling every citizen to meet their basic needs and achieve certain levels of security, opportunity, and participation. The core principles are: Universal: guaranteed entitlement according to need and not one’s ability to pay. Basic: sufficient rather than minimal, enabling people to meet their basic needs, participate in society, and flourish. Services: collectively generated activities that serve the public interest. In many countries, public health services and school to higher education are founded on these goals, despite cuts, attacks, and ongoing disputes over principles. UBS poses the question: can we extend these principles to other basic necessities, such as housing, care, transport, information, and nutrition ()?