-Improving enforcement by reducing corruption
Lesser, Cornell applied economics and management professor, 11 (W. Lesser, Measuring Intellectual Property 'Strength' and Effects: An Assessment of Patent Scoring Systems and Causality, 4 J. Bus. Entrepreneurship & L. Iss. 2 (2011) Available at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/jbel/vol4/iss2/4https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1063&context=jbel Accessed 6/17/24)
The three factors can, alternatively, be viewed as differing approaches to strengthening patent systems. Countries may (1) join/implement international agreements (TRIPS, UPOV), (2) enhance the operation of their patent offices, or (3) improve enforcement by reducing corruption.74 The strongest rights of course are achievable only by being well established in all three dimensions. But not all countries presently have strong systems and hence have alternative paths available for strengthening them. For example, they may in a matter of degrees focus first directly on patent systems by say fully implementing TRIPS, or they may first tackle enforcement/corruption and then shift attention to the patent system in particular. Which approaches are pursued and the consequences are explored further in Section III.75