Small scale Anthrax cases of bioterrorism prove extinction level threats are possible and federal agencies put effort into preparing for them.

Bacillus anthracis, the cause of anthrax, is a likely agent for such attacks. We don't know if or when another anthrax attack might occur.

However, federal agencies, along with health departments across the country, are actively preparing in the event of a U.S. anthrax emergency. The CDC and other federal agencies will coordinate closely with local and state partners.

Use as a weapon

If there's a bioterrorist attack, Bacillus anthracis, the bacteria that causes anthrax, might be used. Anthrax is dangerous. It can make people and animals sick and even cause death. Anthrax is a likely choice because:

· It occurs naturally, can be made in a lab, and lasts in its environment.

· It can be released quietly, without anyone knowing.

· Tiny spores could be put into powders, sprays, food, and water.

· You may not be able to see, smell, or taste the spores.

· It has been used as a weapon in the past.

For almost a century, several countries have had active anthrax bioweapons programs. In 2001, letters with powdered anthrax spores were mailed in the United States, causing 22 infections, including 12 in mail handlers, and 5 deaths.