R&D and innovation is increasing following Bioterror scares
Santos et. al. 23, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS) / Department of Production Engineering (DEPRO), Jose Barreto Netto, 20 years of experience in corporate law Focus on capital market operation, Cristiane Monteiro de Farias Rezende Federal University of Sergipe Department of Forestry Sciences Master of Science PhD student in Intellectual Property Science, Ana Karla de Souza Abud Graduate, Master and PhD in Chemical Engineering Bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering from the Federal University of Sergipe Master's degree in Chemical Engineering from the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo – EPUSP Doctorate in Chemical Engineering from the Chemical Engineering Program at COPPE/UFRJ, Mário Jorge Campos dos Santos, Full Professor with Post-Doctorate at the University of Missouri, School of Natural Resources - The Center for Agroforestry (2014), PhD in Forest Resources from ESALQ/USP in (2004). He has experience in the area of Forest Resources, Forest Engineering and Conservation of Natural Resources, with an emphasis on Nature Conservation. Working mainly on the following topics: Forest resources, agroforestry systems, silvopastoral systems, agroforestry and Crop-Livestock-Forestry Integration (ILPF), Cristiane Toniolo Dias, Adjunct Professor II at the Federal University of Sergipe. PhD from the postgraduate program in Intellectual Property Science. She has a degree in Mathematics from the State University of Ponta Grossa (2002) and a master's degree in Computational Modeling - National Scientific Computing Laboratory (2005). She has experience in the area of Applied Mathematics, works in the area of Intellectual Property, Applied Statistics, Insurance Pricing, Technological Prospecting and Technology Transfer. (José Wendel dos Santos, José Barreto Netto, , Cristiane Monteiro de Farias Rezende, Ana Karla de Souza Abud, Mário Jorge Campos dos Santos, Cristiane Toniolo Dias, 2022, “Analysis of patents related to technology to combat bioterrorism and biological warfare,” Revista Tecnologia e Sociedade, https://periodicos.utfpr.edu.br/rts/article/view/15604/9258)
This increase in the number of patent applications related to combating bioterrorism and biological warfare in the early 2000s coincides with the results found by Cardoso and Cardoso (2011). They reported exponential growth in scientific publications, especially after spreading anthrax spores through the US mail in 2001. This attack highlighted how the US health and safety system was illequipped to deal with high-lethal emergencies adequately. This has led to a substantial increase in Research, Development and Innovation (RD&I) funding and international cooperation programs to develop emergency plans to deal with future bioterrorist attacks in the country (GOSTIN; NUZZO, 2021). * It is not by chance that the United States has a consolidated market because, as of the 352 patent applications identified, it was responsible for 64.8% of them. Then come China with 18.5% and Australia with 6.5% of deposits. It is essential to highlight that 23.9% of patent applications were made via the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), demonstrating a particular interest in obtaining a competitive advantage in international markets. * Concerning the profile of depositors, companies prevailed, with 147 patent deposits related to the investigated technology (41.76%), followed by universities, with 132 deposits (37.50%), and independent inventors, with 64 requests (18.18%). The strategy of technological cooperation between organizations is still incipient in this area, as only 2.56% of deposits were made due to partnerships between universities and companies (Figure 4). According to Menezes et al. (2020), technological cooperation is indispensable for technological innovation. In this process, combining resources, skills, and competencies can increase the countries' economic growth and ensure competitive advantages.