That’s vital to reducing agrochemical use

Volume 7, March 2024, //DH

Agricultural crop production and its management is a challenging task due to variations in environmental factors, soil factors, and water quality-related parameters worldwide. Due to the increasing population and changing environmental scenario day by day, high agricultural production per unit hectare is required globally ([8]; [22]). The phenomenon of climate change is a result of the environmental stress caused by an expanding population and numerous industries, especially agriculture. Several human acts lead to land deterioration, affecting crop quality, chemical pollution causes dead zone conditions and endangers marine life. Thus, the use of the smart application in agriculture may be crucial in offering viable solutions to significant problems like disease and pest infestations, insufficient biological application, incorrect water application and elimination, weed management, and yield forecasting ([7]; [29]; [70]).

Crop protection activities against climate change, soil nutrients, land suitability, cultivation practices, method of cultivation, artificial nutrients applications, water management, etc. can enhance the production yield. Although the use of agrochemicals can efficiently boost crop yield and quality, it has also increased environmental challenges in recent years. Overdose of pesticides/fertilizers or poor spraying equipment during chemical plant protection operations can have major consequences for human health and the environment. The implementation of technological communication to manage agricultural operations using mechanization and automation was defined as smart cultivation or farming by ([58]). In the case of developing countries with densely crowded areas, when enlarging land space for agriculture and crop protection practices is difficult, the only option is to become smarter in the technology used in agriculture through the use of cutting-edge technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). They have already started capitalizing across all industries including agriculture. Artificial intelligence (AI) is “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, brilliant computer programs,” according to Professor McCarthy. For many years, basic artificial intelligence has been provided by governed programs that exhibit a fundamental kind of “intelligence” under particular conditions ([56]; [19]).