IP systems are key to greener processes---legal certainty for protection is key.

Innovation has a vital role in the fight against climate change, and new technologies will be essential in the move to "net zero." This function was recognized at last year's COP26 in Glasgow, where 40 members signed the so-called Glasgow Breakthroughs, setting targets to accelerate the deployment of clean technologies in power generation, road transport, steel, hydrogen and agriculture. The summary decision alone mentioned "technology" no fewer than 10 times.

The Intellectual Property (IP) system can support this push toward greener processes by incentivizing the development and commercialization of innovative technologies. Many sustainable inventions, such as alternative fuels, involve significant up-front investment and a degree of commercial risk. To this situation, patents bring legal certainty, providing a competitive advantage and a tool for fundraising. Other forms of IP, such as trademarks, designs and trade secrets, also have their part to play in these ventures. However, the scale of the environmental challenge is such that we need to carefully consider the function of the IP system as a whole and how it can prop up sustainable innovation. This includes ensuring that IP rights are accessible, patent information is freely available and technology transfer is as smooth as possible.