Carbon Capture and Storage technologies are crucial to reducing the carbon emissions output from large energy sectors
[(Tabbi Wilberforce et. al, A.G. Olabi, Enas Taha Sayed, Khaled Elsaid, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem (2021), Dr Tabbi Awotwe is Lecturer in Engineering in the Department of Engineering at King's College London. He has made significant contributions in the field of mechanical engineering and design. He has held various positions, including Deputy Programme Director for Mechanical Engineering and Design at Aston University in Birmingham. Prof Olabi is Chair and Head of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department "SREE” at the University Of Sharjah. Dr. Khaled Elsaid has about 15 years of combined research and academic teaching experience that he gained by working for different research and academic institutions. Before joining Texas A&M University at Qatar, in 2007, as the manager for chemical engineering laboratories, Dr. Elsaid has worked as a lecturer in the chemical engineering department at Minia University, Egypt, while before working for Minia University he worked as research associate in ore treatment lab, at the Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute CMRDI, Egypt. Dr. Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem-- Dept. of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates) Tabbi Wilberforce, A.G. Olabi, Enas Taha Sayed, Khaled Elsaid, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem,Progress in carbon capture technologies, Science of The Total Environment, Volume 761, (2021), 143203, ISSN 0048-9697, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143203. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720367346)]
human activities. The widespread act associated with this issue is the burning of fossil products for power plants and industries. This phenomenon is the largest contributor of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. These underlining factors are what lead to climate change and its harmful effects. The release of CO2 from mining operations, natural gas production, etc. can lead to CO2 being exposed externally to the environment. CO2 production source is crucial, with almost 87% of CO2 produced by human activities originating from the burning of fossil fuels. The CO2 emissions balance comes from clearing the forests and industrial processes such as cement production. A paradigm shift in CO2 emissions into the atmosphere has become a necessity. CO2 capture from industrial plants and storage has been crucial in reducing carbon emissions into the atmosphere. The application of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies to the industrial sector is likely to reduce the sector's total emissions by approximately one fifth. Therefore, this shows the importance of CCS, which is also essential in ensuring energy security. Decarbonization of the power sector can be feasible with integrating CCS, especially in regions that highly depend on fossil products for its power generation. This review, therefore, explored various types of CCS technologies. Different geological sequestration approach was equally discussed with some challenges associated with each are highlighted. Despite the progress made, future research must also be aimed at developing novel technology to augment the existing CCS to reduce the present cost. CO2 sequestration in depleted oil and gas reservoirs or unmineable coal seams can also significantly reduce CO2 storage cost with enhanced hydrocarbons recovery. The readily existing infrastructure for oil and gas transportation in oil and gas reservoirs, etc. can effectively reduce the cost of CO2 storage. CO2 sequestration requires in through studies to ascertain the complexity of the deep subsurface conditions and environment. Development of CCS technology will also require an environmental consideration in every aspect of the capturing process from the capture to the transport and finally to the CO2 storage.