Trademark infringement negatively influences business enthusiasm

Nowadays, an increasing number of counterfeit leather products are arising in the market. To obtain high profits, some illegal traders counterfeit all kinds of bestselling leather products, which infringes the intellectual property rights of the business, causes huge economic loss, and negatively influence the business enthusiasm for innovation [1–3]. So far, anti-counterfeiting technology has been an effective method to curb the spread of counterfeit products. However, the traditional anticounterfeiting technologies ranging from watermarks [4], holography [5–7], and two-dimensional barcodes [8], are difficult to reach the effective anti-counterfeiting purpose due to the simple preparation process and visible patterns. Invisible anti-counterfeiting materials have attracted the attention of researchers by their high concealment properties [9–11]. The most frequently used invisible anti-counterfeiting technology in leather products is to draw invisible anti-counterfeiting labels (ACLs) with organic fluorescent dyes [12]. Generally, such labels suffer from short service life due to the photobleaching of organic dyes under irradiation [13, 14]. One way to address this issue is to use fluorescent inorganic nanomaterials to prepare these invisible ACLs [15–17], e.g., quantum dots. However, they are toxic[13] and often require ultraviolet (UV) photons to achieve the anti-counterfeiting function. It is well known that UV light may cause the degradation of organic materials in the ACLs and shorten their service life [18–20]. Therefore, searching for a non-toxic inorganic material having good luminescent stability to prepare ACLs remains a grand challenge