Tuberville Neg - DDI 2023 LS

DDI LS Tuberville Neg 23
T – FJG
1NC
Interpretation: Federal Job Guarantee Must Be For Everyone.
Paul et al. 18 (Mark, William DARITY JR., DARRICK HAMILTON, Postdoctoral Associate at the Samuel DuBois Cook Center on Social Equity at Duke University. William Darity Jr. is the Samuel DuBois Cook Professor of Public Policy, African and African-American Studies and Economics and the Director of the Samuel DuBois Cook Center on Social Equity at Duke University. Darrick Hamilton is Professor of Economics and Urban Policy at the Milano School of International Affairs, Management and Urban Policy and Department of Economics at the New School for Social Research, and Director of the Doctoral Program in Public and Urban Policy at The New School. “The Federal Job Guarantee - A Policy to Achieve Permanent Full Employment ”, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, March 9, 2018, https://www.cbpp.org/research/full-employment/the-federal-job-guarantee-a-policy-to-achieve-permanent-full-employment#_ftn2, Accessed July 18, 2023) // CD
The federal job guarantee would provide a job, at non-poverty wages, for all citizens above the age of 18 that sought one.[17] The minimum wage rate in the program is $11.83 an hour, equivalent to $24,600 per year for full-time workers, which is the current poverty line for a family of four. This rate would be indexed to inflation, ensuring that workers’ purchasing power is maintained over time.[18] The program would incorporate wage variation based on time and performance in the program, a worker’s previous experience, education, and region of residence; thus, we estimate a mean annual wage for all employees at approximately $32,500.
AT – Wray
Their C/I Is Stupid; The Rest Of The Card Advocates For The Opposite Of What They Want. It lays out all of the different proposals and limitations that job guarantees may be. THE AFF IS NONE OF THEM
L. Randall 2AC Wray, 8-23-2009, Ph.D. is Professor of Economics at the University of Missouri-Kansas City, Research Director with the Center for Full Employment and Price Stability and Senior Research Scholar at The Levy Economics Institute, "Job Guarantee," New Economic Perspectives, https://neweconomicperspectives.org/2009/08/job-guarantee.html // CD
A job guarantee program is one in which government promises to make a job available to any qualifying individual who is ready and willing to work. Qualifications required of participants could include age range (i.e. teens), gender, family status (i.e. heads of households), family income (i.e. below poverty line), educational attainment (i.e. high school dropouts), residency (i.e. rural), and so on. The most general program would provide a universal job guarantee, sometimes also called an employer of last resort (ELR) program in which government promises to provide a job to anyone legally entitled to work. Many job guarantee supporters see employment not only as an economic condition but also as a right. Wray and Forstater (2004) justify the right to work as a fundamental prerequisite for social justice in any society in which income from work is an important determinant of access to resources. Harvey (1989) and Burgess and Mitchell (1998) argue for the right to work on the basis that it is a fundamental human (or natural) right. Such treatments find support in modern legal proclamations such as the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights or the US Employment Act of 1946 and the Full Employment Act of 1978. Amartya Sen (1999) supports the right to work on the basis that the economic and social costs of unemployment are staggering with far-reaching consequences beyond the single dimension of a loss of income (see also Rawls 1971). William Vickrey (2004) identified unemployment with “cruel vandalism”,outlining the social and economic inequities of unemployment and devising strategies for its solution. A key proposition of such arguments is that no capitalist society has ever managed to operate at anything approaching true, full, employment on a consistent basis. Further, the burden of joblessness is borne unequally, concentrated among groups that already face other disadvantages: racial and ethnic minorities, immigrants, younger and older individuals, women, people with disabilities, and those with lower educational attainment. For these reasons, government should and must play a role in providing jobs to achieve social justice.
There are different versions of the job guarantee program. Harvey’s (1989) proposal seeks to provide a public sector job to anyone unable to find work, with the pay approximating a ‘market wage,’ whereby more highly skilled workers would receive higher pay. Argentina’s Jefes program (examined below) targets heads of households only and offers a uniform basic payment for what is essentially half-time work. In Hyman Minsky’s (1965) proposal, developed further at The Center for Full Employment and Price Stability, University of Missouri-Kansas City and independently at The Centre of Full Employment and Equity, University of Newcastle, Australia, the federal government provides funding for a job creation program that offers a uniform hourly wage with a package of benefits. (Wray 1998; Burgess and Mitchell 1998) The program could provide for part-time and seasonal work, as well as for other flexible working conditions as desired by the workers. The package of benefits would be subject to congressional approval, but could include health care, childcare, payment of social security taxes, and usual vacations and sick leave. The wage would also be set by congress and fixed until congress approved a rate increase—much as the minimum wage is currently legislated. The perceived advantage of the uniform basic wage is that it would limit competition with other employers as workers could be attracted out of the ELR program by paying a wage slightly above the program wage.
Proponents of a universal job guarantee program operated by the federal government argue that no other means exists to ensure that everyone who wants to work will be able to obtain a job. Benefits include poverty reduction, amelioration of many social ills associated with chronic unemployment (health problems, spousal abuse and family break-up, drug abuse, crime), and enhanced skills due to training on the job. Forstater (1999) has emphasized how ELR can be used to increase economic flexibility and to enhance the environment. The program would improve working conditions in the private sector as employees would have the option of moving into the ELR program. Hence, private sector employers would have to offer a wage and benefit package and working conditions at least as good as those offered by the ELR program. The informal sector would shrink as workers become integrated into formal employment, gaining access to protection provided by labor laws. There would be some reduction of racial or gender discrimination because unfairly treated workers would have the ELR option, however, ELR by itself cannot end discrimination. Still, it has long been recognized that full employment is an important tool in the fight for equality. (Darity 1999) Forstater (1999) has emphasized how ELR can be used to increase economic flexibility and to improve the environment as projects can be directed to mitigate ecological problems.
Finally, some supporters emphasize that an ELR program with a uniform basic wage also helps to promote economic and price stability. ELR will act as an automatic stabilizer as employment in the program grows in recession and shrinks in economic expansion, counteracting private sector employment fluctuations. The federal government budget will become more counter-cyclical because its spending on the ELR program will likewise grow in recession and fall in expansion. Furthermore, the uniform basic wage will reduce both inflationary pressure in a boom and deflationary pressure in a bust. In a boom, private employers can recruit from the ELR pool of workers, paying a mark-up over the ELR wage. The ELR pool acts like a “reserve army” of the employed, dampening wage pressures as private employment grows. In recession, workers down-sized by private employers can work at the ELR wage, which puts a floor to how low wages and income can go.
2NC – Cards
Every Author Agrees
Shelly 21 (Deirdre, Organizer at Sunrise Movement, Movement Organizer at National Domestic Workers Alliance, “What is A Federal Jobs Guarantee? ”, Sunrise Movement, March 5, 2021, https://www.sunrisemovement.org/theory-of-change/what-is-a-federal-jobs-guarantee/, Accessed July 18, 2023) // CD
What is a job guarantee? The job guarantee is a federal government program to provide a good job to every person who wants one. The job guarantee is a long-pursued goal of the American progressive tradition. In the 1940s, labor unions in the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) demanded a job guarantee. Franklin D. Roosevelt supported the right to a job in his never-realized “Second Bill of Rights.” Later, the 1963 March on Washington demanded a jobs guarantee alongside civil rights, understanding that economic justice was a core component of the fight for racial justice. Coretta Scott King went on to lead a grassroots movement for a job guarantee after her husband’s death.
Tcherneva 18 (Pavlina, Pavlina R. Tcherneva is an associate professor of economics at Bard College and founding director of the Bard-OSUN Economic Democracy Initiative. She specializes in modern money and public policy. She previously taught at Franklin and Marshall College and the University of Missouri–Kansas City. During 2000–6, she served as the associate director for economic analysis at the Center for Full Employment and Price Stability. In the summer of 2006, she was a visiting scholar at the University of Cambridge Centre for Economic and Public Policy, UK, and since July 2007 she has been a research associate at the Levy Economics Institute. Her areas of research include monetary and fiscal policy coordination, the Bernanke doctrine, and policy responses during the 2008 and 2020 COVID-induced economic crises. “The Job Guarantee: Design, Jobs, and Implementation”, SSRN, April 3 2018, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3155289, Accessed July 27, 2023) // CD
The job guarantee (JG) is a public option for jobs. It is a permanent, federally funded, and locally administered program that supplies voluntary employment opportunities on demand for all who are ready and willing to work at a living wage. While it is first and foremost a jobs program, it has the potential to be transformative by advancing the public purpose and improving working conditions, people’s everyday lives, and the economy as a whole. This working paper provides a blueprint for operationalizing the proposal. It addresses frequently asked questions and common concerns. It begins by outlining some of the core propositions in the existing literature that have motivated the JG proposal. These propositions suggest specific design and implementation features. (Some questions are answered in greater detail in appendix III). The paper presents the core objectives and expected benefits of the program, and suggests an institutional structure, funding mechanism, and project design and administration.
Jobs For All 21 (Jobs For All, The Job Guarantee Now! campaign is led by PolicyLink, the National Jobs for All Network, and Public Money Action, in partnership with hundreds of advocates for racial, economic, and environmental justice, “Jobs for All: A Prosperity Economy”, Jobs For All, February 18, 2021, https://jobguaranteenow.org/, Accessed July 27, 2023) // CD
By ensuring that every person who wants to work can have a living-wage job with full benefits, a Federal Job Guarantee would eliminate involuntary unemployment, reduce racial inequities, decrease poverty, and raise the floor for all low-wage workers while building stronger and greener communities.
Modern Money Network ND (Modern Money Network, The Modern Money Network (MMN) aims to bring accurate and accessible knowledge of our monetary and financial systems to the broader public. MMN also seeks to sharpen and refine knowledge of money and finance by fostering an interdisciplinary community devoted to learning and scholarship. “Job Guarantee”, The Modern Money Network, No Date, https://modernmoneynetwork.org/content/job-guarantee, Accessed July 27, 2023) // CD
A government job guarantee is a proposed program where the government would provide a job with a basic wage and benefits package to anyone willing and ready to work. The job guarantee is one component of an overall program to stabilize an economy. The job guarantee is financially feasible when a sovereign government’s currency uses a floating exchange rate. The job guarantee provides a floor for wages and benefits, creating a buffer stock of labor. The program is intended to “hire off the bottom,” i.e. those with less qualifications or skills. A job guarantee program hires people who otherwise cannot find employment. Once implemented, a job guarantee would be a permanent program, operating during good times and recessions alike.
Matthews 18 (Dylan, Dylan Matthews has since 2018 served as a senior correspondent and head writer for Future Perfect, Vox’s section that tells stories about people and institutions trying to do the most good for the world they can. He is particularly interested in global health and pandemic prevention, anti-poverty efforts in the US and abroad, economic policy and theory, and conflicts about the right way to do philanthropy. “Job guarantees, explained”, Vox, April 24 2018, https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/9/6/16036942/job-guarantee-explained, Accessed July 27 2023) // CD
Bernie Sanders, Cory Booker, and Kirsten Gillibrand have all embraced a bold new idea they think will revitalize the American economy: a job guarantee. Under the proposal, the federal government would guarantee a well-paying job, with benefits and a high enough salary to pay for rent, transportation, and food, to every citizen who wants one. Anyone who didn’t have a job and wanted one could go into a local office for a government agency — call it the Works Progress Administration, maybe — and walk out with a regular government position paying a livable wage ($15 an hour, perhaps) and offering health, dental, and vision insurance, and retirement benefits, and child care for their kids. Different people would do different things: teaching or working for after-school programs or providing child care or building roads and mass transit or driving buses and so on. But everyone would be guaranteed a job, including during recessions. Involuntary unemployment would be a thing of the past. No one who works would be in poverty.
https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/job-guarantee
Encyclopedia.com ND (THE WORLD’S #1 ONLINE ENCYCLOPEDIA, “Job Guarantee”, Encyclopedia.com, No Date, https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/job-guarantee, Accessed July 27 2023) // CD
A job-guarantee program is one in which government promises to make a job available to any qualifying individual who is ready and willing to work. Qualifications required of participants could specify age range (e.g., teens), gender, family status (e.g., heads of households), family income (e.g., below poverty line), educational attainment (e.g., high school dropouts), residency (e.g., rural), and so on. The most general program—sometimes called an employer of last resort (ELR) program—would provide a universal job guarantee by which government promises to provide a job to anyone legally entitled to work.
Darity & Hamilton 18 (William, Darrick, William A. "Sandy" Darity Jr. is an American economist and social sciences researcher. Darity's research spans economic history, development economics, economic psychology, and the history of economic thought, but most of his research is devoted to group-based inequality, especially with respect to race and ethnicity. Darity Jr. graduated magna cum laude with a bachelor's degree from Brown University in 1974, where he earned honors in economics and political science. He was named a Marshall Scholar after undergraduate school, and on the scholarship spent one year studying at the London School of Economics and Political Science. In 1978 he completed a doctorate in economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Darrick Hamilton is an American academic and administrator who is currently the Henry Cohen Professor of Economics and Urban Policy and a University Professor at The New School for Social Research. He is also the director of the Institute for the Study of Race, Stratification and Political Economy at The New School. Prior to assuming these roles in January 2021. Hamilton earned his Ph.D. in economics from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill in 1999, and his bachelor's degree (also in Economics) from Oberlin College. “The Federal Job Guarantee”, Intereconomics, 2018, https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2018/number/3/article/the-federal-job-guarantee.html, Accessed July 27, 2023) // CD
https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2018/number/3/article/the-federal-job-guarantee.html
To remedy this, we have been long-time advocates of the permanent establishment of a federal job guarantee to eliminate working poverty and involuntary unemployment. Our plan constitutes a genuine public option for employment that enables existing workers, particularly those confined to the low end of the labor market, to bargain and obtain higher wages, greater benefits and better working conditions. The job guarantee would offer a permanent, viable alternative to low pay, low benefits and poor working conditions for all Americans. It would produce a structural transformation of the American labor market and the American economy.
Landwehr 20 — Jannik Landwehr, a climate finance junior advisor for Greenwerk, holds a M.A. in Economic Policies from Université Paris 13, a M.A. in international Economics from the Berlin School of Economics and Law, and a B.A. in socio-economics from the University of Hamburg, (“The Job Guarantee,” Exploring Economics, 2020, available online at https://www.exploring-economics.org/en/discover/job-guarantee/, accessed 07-27-2023) // CD
The general idea of a Job Guarantee (JG) is that the government offers employment to everybody ready, willing and able to work for a living wage in the last instance as an Employer of Last Resort (Tcherneva, 2018). The concept tackles societal needs that are not satisfied by market forces and the systemic characteristic of unemployment in capitalist societies. Being a central part of the Modern Monetary Theory (MMT), attention for the JG concept rose in recent years.
Gimms ND — The Gower Initiative for Modern Money Studies, an independent, non-profit organisation which is part of a growing international movement which challenges the economic orthodoxy of the last four decades, 2023 (“Job Guarantee,” GIMMS, available online at https://gimms.org.uk/job-guarantee/, accessed 07-27-2023) // CD
A Job Guarantee (JG) that works to keep inflation down as it provides employment to anyone willing and able to work is central to MMT. Employment rates are important in any economic analysis. For many decades economists and politicians have conducted economic policy on the basis that unemployment is an economic stabiliser (i.e. it stabilises the levels of wages and consumption). There is an assumption that allowing just enough unemployment in the economy prevents inflation from rising above a target figure. It is known as the Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment (NAIRU). Under such policies both working people and the unemployed have paid a heavy price in terms of job insecurity and reduced standards of living, whilst governments have compensated for low wages (and subsidised the compan

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