Neg - AI Inventors - CNDI 2024

AI Inventorship NEG
AI Bad
Laundry List
Absent intention, AI development causes malicious use, arms race, accidental leaks, and goes rogue.
Dan Hendricks et al 23, Leading authors on AI, 6-22-2023, "Risks from AI Overview: Summary," Catastrophic Risks From AI, https://www.lesswrong.com/s/fYxyZkbxSboLbnJnm, // QUEERMAID
Catastrophic AI risks can be grouped under four key categories which we explore below, and in greater depth in CAIS’ linked paper: Malicious use: People could intentionally harness powerful AIs to cause widespread harm. AI could be used to engineer new pandemics or for propaganda, censorship, and surveillance, or released to autonomously pursue harmful goals. To reduce these risks, we suggest improving biosecurity, restricting access to dangerous AI models, and holding AI developers liable for harms. AI race: Competition could push nations and corporations to rush AI development, relinquishing control to these systems. Conflicts could spiral out of control with autonomous weapons and AI-enabled cyberwarfare. Corporations will face incentives to automate human labor, potentially leading to mass unemployment and dependence on AI systems. As AI systems proliferate, evolutionary dynamics suggest they will become harder to control. We recommend safety regulations, international coordination, and public control of general-purpose AIs. Organizational risks: There are risks that organizations developing advanced AI cause catastrophic accidents, particularly if they prioritize profits over safety. AIs could be accidentally leaked to the public or stolen by malicious actors, and organizations could fail to properly invest in safety research. We suggest fostering a safety-oriented organizational culture and implementing rigorous audits, multi-layered risk defenses, and state-of-the-art information security. Rogue AIs: We risk losing control over AIs as they become more capable. AIs could optimize flawed objectives, drift from their original goals, become power-seeking, resist shutdown, and engage in deception. We suggest that AIs should not be deployed in high-risk settings, such as by autonomously pursuing open-ended goals or overseeing critical infrastructure, unless proven safe. We also recommend advancing AI safety research in areas such as adversarial robustness, model honesty, transparency, and removing undesired capabilities.
Arms Race
AI Arms Race goes nuclear---Military, corporate, evolutionary.
Dan Hendricks et al. 23, Leading authors on AI, 6-22-2023, "Risks from AI Overview: Summary," Catastrophic Risks From AI, https://www.lesswrong.com/s/fYxyZkbxSboLbnJnm, // QUEERMAID
[Edited for Grammar and Ableist language]
Nations and corporations are competing to rapidly build and deploy AI in order to maintain power and influence. Similar to the nuclear arms race during the Cold War, participation in the AI race may serve individual short-term interests, but ultimately amplifies global risk for humanity. Military AI Arms Race The rapid advancement of AI in military technology could trigger a “third revolution in warfare,” potentially leading to more destructive conflicts, accidental use, and misuse by malicious actors. This shift in warfare, where AI assumes command and control roles, could escalate conflicts to an existential scale and impact global security. Lethal autonomous weapons are AI-driven systems capable of identifying and executing targets without human intervention. These are not science fiction. In 2020, a Kargu 2 drone in Libya marked the first reported use of a lethal autonomous weapon. The following year, Israel used the first reported swarm of drones to locate, identify and attack militants. Lethal autonomous weapons could make war more likely. Leaders usually hesitate before sending troops into battle, but autonomous weapons allow for aggression without risking the lives of soldiers, thus facing less political backlash. Furthermore, these weapons can be mass-manufactured and deployed at scale. Low-cost automated weapons, such as drone swarms outfitted with explosives, could autonomously hunt human targets with high precision, performing lethal operations for both militaries and terrorist groups and lowering the barriers to large-scale violence. AI can also heighten the frequency and severity of cyberattacks, potentially crippling [damaging] critical infrastructure such as power grids. As AI enables more accessible, successful, and stealthy cyberattacks, attributing attacks becomes even more challenging, potentially lowering the barriers to launching attacks and escalating risks from conflicts. As AI accelerates the pace of war, it makes AI even more necessary to navigate the rapidly changing battlefield. This raises concerns over automated retaliation, which could escalate minor accidents into major wars. AI can also enable "flash wars," with rapid escalations driven by unexpected behavior of automated systems, akin to the 2010 financial flash crash. Unfortunately, competitive pressures may lead actors to accept the risk of extinction over individual defeat. During the Cold War, neither side desired the dangerous situation they found themselves in, yet each found it rational to continue the arms race. States should cooperate to prevent the riskiest applications of militarized AIs. Corporate AI Arms Race Economic competition can also ignite reckless races. In an environment where benefits are unequally distributed, the pursuit of short-term gains often overshadows the consideration of long-term risks. Ethical AI developers find themselves with a dilemma: choosing cautious action may lead to falling behind competitors. As AIs automate increasingly many tasks, the economy may become largely run by AIs. Eventually, this could lead to human enfeeblement [exhaustion] and dependence on AIs for basic needs. ‍In the realm of AI, the race for progress comes at the expense of safety. In 2023, at the launch of Microsoft's AI-powered search engine, CEO Satya Nadella declared, “A race starts today... we're going to move fast.” Just days later, Microsoft's Bing chatbot was found to be threatening users. Historical disasters like Ford's Pinto launch and Boeing's 737 Max crashes underline the dangers of prioritizing profit over safety. As AI becomes more capable, businesses will likely replace more types of human labor with AI, potentially triggering mass unemployment. If major aspects of society are automated, this risks human enfeeblement [exhaustion] as we cede control of civilization to AI. Evolutionary Dynamics The pressure to replace humans with AIs can be framed as a general trend from evolutionary dynamics. Selection pressures incentivize AIs to act selfishly and evade safety measures. For example, AIs with restrictions like “don’t break the law” are more constrained than those taught to “avoid being caught breaking the law.” This dynamic might result in a world where critical infrastructure is controlled by manipulative and self-preserving AIs. Evolutionary pressures are responsible for various developments over time, and are not limited to the realm of biology. Given the exponential increase in microprocessor speeds, AIs could process information at a pace that far exceeds human neurons. Due to the scalability of computational resources, AI could collaborate with an unlimited number of other AIs and form an unprecedented collective intelligence. As AIs become more powerful, they would find little incentive to cooperate with humans. Humanity would be left in a highly vulnerable position.
Terrorism
Generative AI enables terrorism
Nelu, Clarisa. “Exploitation of Generative AI by Terrorist Groups.” International Centre for Counter-Terrorism, 10 June 2024, https://www.icct.nl/publication/exploitation-generative-ai-terrorist-groups.
In the last few years, artificial intelligence (AI) has taken centre stage in public, academic, and political discussions. Generative AI, in particular, produces new content in response to prompts, offering transformative potential across multiple fields such as education, entertainment, healthcare, and scientific research. While generative AI is expanding quickly, it is also leading to several uncertainties in areas such as human rights, existing technologies (for example, biometric systems), and migration, amongst others. Terrorist groups are also growing interested in exploiting this new technology and using it to their advantage.
The use of technology by terrorist groups is not a new topic, as technology has always played a vital role in the work done by terrorist organisations. However, with the latest developments in artificial intelligence and generative AI, some terrorist groups now consider the “benefits” of these technologies. The advantages of generative AI for malicious purposes are notable - from interactive recruitment to developing propaganda and influencing people’s behaviour via social media channels. New technological advances open multiple doors to infinite possibilities that terrorist groups are prepared to exploit and use to their advantage.
This analysis describes some of the risks posed by generative AI when used by terrorist groups through recent examples and the impact of these tools on people’s behaviours—a key area that terrorist organisations aim to influence. Having such a powerful tool as generative AI in their hands, the possibility of exploiting it in multiple ways could rise in the future.
What is AI and Generative AI?
The rapid advancement of technology is shaping our lives and opening new opportunities for the future, both positive and negative. AI has been a keyword across several fields, leading to significant developments in technology and operational systems. According to the OECD, AI “is a general-purpose technology that has the potential to improve the welfare and well-being of people, to contribute to positive, sustainable global economic activity, to increase innovation and productivity, and to help respond to key global challenges”. The systems are designed to operate at significant levels of automation. However, it is essential to understand that AI has several iterations, one of which is generative AI, which has shown immense potential in diverse fields in recent months.
Generative AI uses machine learning to generate new content, text, images, audio, video, and multifunctional simulations. It works by using large amounts of datasets and parameters inspired by connections within the human brain. The main difference between generative AI and other forms of AI is that generative AI systems can develop new outputs instead of just predicting and categorising like other machine learning systems. Some examples of generative AI applications include:
Text-based chatbots or programs designed to simulate conversations with humans, such as Anthropic’s Claude, Bing Chat, ChatGPT, Google Gemini and Llama 2.
Image or video generators like the Bing Image Creator, DALL-E 3, Midjourney, and Stable Diffusion.
Voice generators, such as Microsoft VALL-E.
With all these programs, interest in using generative AI has increased significantly, not just from states, the private sector and the general public, but also from terrorist organisations who see an opportunity to expand their propaganda and increase their influence worldwide to support their operations. There is a growing concern that new technology, such as generative AI, will play a significant role in the tactics and modus operandi of terrorist organisations. Groups such as Al-Qaeda, ISIS, and Hezbollah have already been active in the use of these technologies.
Research on Terrorist Actors Exploiting Generative AI
The road to using generative AI seems to be in its early stages as more terrorist groups take advantage of this new technology. For the moment, some attention has been devoted to how terrorists may use AI-based technologies in the future, such as AI and interactive recruitment, intensive propaganda, disinformation, hallucination, or war operations. These are individually discussed below.
Propaganda and Disinformation
Propaganda is one of the main tools that terrorist groups use to promote their values and beliefs. With the help of generative AI, propaganda can be more easily spread, and its impact could increase considerably, making it more efficient and tailored to its targets. Propaganda can be used to spread hate speech and radical ideologies. Using synthetic (fake) images, videos, or audio that align with the organisations’ values could help increase the breadth of propaganda produced, intensify messages, and affect people’s attitudes and emotions (e.g. using fake pictures of wounded victims/children to have an emotional impact on the audience). Introducing generative AI in propaganda can generate a false reality, allowing threat actors to sow chaos and disorder through misinformation and disinformation. Uploading specific generated AI content on social media platforms may increase the audience and spread disinformation as the content can be shared by millions of followers quickly. Having this worldwide effect, social media could also be identified as a powerful weapon in today’s disinformation wars, whereby people can no longer rely on what they read or hear. Generative AI has the potential to create several challenges in online communication and media, especially regarding misinformation and disinformation.
The current war in Gaza is an example where terrorists have used generative AI as different images have been leaked on the internet to instigate more violence and increase their propaganda of disinformation. Some pictures of babies or young people who have been injured in the war appeared to be manipulated by using generative AI to create more chaos and disturbing content on the internet. Connected with the same conflict were the images and videos of the IDF soldiers wearing diapers on social media. The content appeared to be generated by a Hamas-affiliated group using generative AI, and it aimed to undermine the Israeli army. The images spread immediately on the internet, increasing misinformation related to the reality that is going on in Gaza.
In recent months, some terrorist organisations have also released guidelines on how to use AI to develop propaganda and disinformation. Examples of the type of content that has started to spread on the internet are the Islamic State publishing a tech support guide on how to securely use generative AI tools in the summer of 2023, a pro-al-Qaeda outlet publishing several posters with images highly likely to have been created using generative AI, and far-right figures producing a ‘guide to memetic warfare’ advising others on how to use AI-generated image tools to create extremist memes. While pro-Islamic State affiliates have used generative AI to translate Arabic-language ISIS propaganda speech/message into Arabic script, Indonesian, and English, al-Qaeda affiliates have also used generative AI for propaganda content.
Through all these methods, terrorists could use generative AI to create hallucinations through diverse strategies, like psychological warfare, false flag operations, or propaganda to influence people’s behaviour. Hallucinations mainly refer to situations where the AI system generates unexpected, unusual, or nonsensical outputs. For example, a generative AI model trained on text data might produce hallucinatory content that seems coherent at first glance but, at a closer look, contains nonsensical sentences or contradictions. Similarly, an AI model trained on image data might generate hallucinatory images that contain improbable combinations of objects or distorted features to affect more people.
One of the biggest concerns of authorities is using these technologies for intensive propaganda and disinformation with the click of a button. When merged with advancements in targeted advertising and other new effective propaganda measures, generative AI forecasts a transformation in the speed, scale, and credibility of terrorism influence operations. This opportunity to influence people through generative AI could lead to a higher capability to influence people’s behaviours and a gap in the possibility of distinguishing between real and fake online content. Through these, terrorist groups can take advantage and share their ideologies worldwide.
Interactive Recruitment
Moving from propaganda to interactive recruitment is just one further step in terrorist use of generative AI. The two can be very well connected as AI-powered chatbots can interact with potential recruits by providing recruiters with tailored information based on their interests and beliefs, thereby making the extremist group’s messages seem more related to their interests. In the recruitment process, a bot can be used to gain the attention of the possible victims by engaging with the person and offering responses to their input. Later, a human being might take over the conversation to engage more personally. On the other hand, the advanced technology, LLMs like ChatGPT, enables terrorist groups to provide a humanlike experience even without the interference of any humans. Applying generative AI has the potential to increase terrorists’ ability to build personal relationships and especially reach lone actors who might be sympathetic to their cause or otherwise have vulnerabilities which can be exploited by intense interaction with such bots.
Connected with the recruitment process is the possibility of the exploitation of social media, where the AI could be used to amplify the content on social media channels and other digital platforms to spread propaganda and recruit followers, from encrypted communication to other quite innovative methods. Since 2019, Hezbollah has been using social media and the internet to impose violence in its regions of influence, especially in Israel. Perhaps the use of technology at that time was not called generative AI, but the techniques were similar: using social media images and videos to recruit Israeli Arabs and West Bank-based Palestinians to attack Israeli targets.
War Applications
In addition to the applications of generative AI discussed above, some elements of AI have been used for hacking and creating weapons, such as drones and self-driven vehicular bombs. AI technology has been utilised in drones in various ways, including autonomous navigation, object detection and recognition, real-time decision-making, and mission planning. This integration enables drones to perform more complex, efficient, and autonomous tasks. Integrating artificial intelligence into drones has changed war tactics, allowing more advanced and strategic applications. Military drones, sometimes referred to as autonomous or “killer robots”, fulfil vital functions in reconnaissance, surveillance, and even combat situations. Uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) have been described as one of the primary terrorist threats by the United Nations Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee. These drones are remotely piloted, pre-programmed, or controlled airborne tools. Drones are an advantage for terrorists because they are cheap and require minimal training. In the past, terrorists have used drones to attack state military assets, diplomatic places, international trade, and civilian centres. Some of the non-state actors that have deployed drones in combat include Hamas, Hezbollah, and ISIS. The drones are used for intelligence, surveillance, and electronic warfare tactics and help in target points to increase precision and lethality from ground-level systems.
Innovation (China and/or Pharma) Adv
1NC – Non-Disclosure Solves
Status quo solves --- inventors just won’t disclose AI inventions.
Abbott 20 – Professor of Law at the University of Surrey School of Law, Assistant Professor at the University of California Los Angeles, Lecturer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Stanford University, PhD from the University of Surrey School of Law, J.D. from the Ya

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