So does war
Dr. Halvard Buhaug 21, Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo, Professor of Political Science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Associate Editor of Journal of Peace Research, PhD in Political Science from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, and Dr. Nina von Uexkull, Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Stockholm University, PhD in Peace and Conflict Research from Uppsala University, “Vicious Circles: Violence, Vulnerability, and Climate Change”, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 46, October 2021, https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-014708
2.3.2. Political impacts of armed conflict. Armed conflict is a manifestation of political failure. Among other things, severe violence impedes the state’s ability to maintain rule of law and collect and redistribute taxes and revenues. The longer-term institutional implications of armed conflict are less clear-cut. Oftentimes, ongoing armed conflict inspires more stringent central rule, epitomized by implementation of an indefinite state of emergency and restrictions on, e.g., media freedom and civil liberties, as well as more covert aspects of repression, discrimination, and exclusion (143–146). There is mixed evidence for civil conflict impacts on the stability and longevity of regimes, however. Empirical findings on the risk of military coups and state collapse following conflict diverge (147–149). At the same time, the effect of conflict on subsequent institutional and political reforms toward more democracy and liberalization is weak and seemingly quite shortlived (150–153). Overall, the inconsistent findings reflect the heterogeneous character of wars and the diverse contexts within which they are embedded.