Van Burg, Professor Amsterdam Business Research Institute, et al., 21
[Elco, Jingshu Du, Shandong University, Jannigje Gerdien Kers, Wageningen University and Research, Technovation Volume 107, ScienceDirect, “When do academics patent outside their university? An in-depth case study?,” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166497221000687?via%3Dihub, 7-17-24, GDI – Tom Huynh]
Yet, one issue that prevents to develop a clear picture of academic patenting is that many patents produced by academics are not patented under the name of a university (; ; ; ) and the institutional affiliation of inventors is often not accurately acknowledged (). As a result, it is estimated that 60–80% of academic patents are not university-owned patents (i.e., patents that are owned or co-owned by a university) (, ). Such non-university-owned patents that are based on university inventions are commonly referred to as university-invented patents (cf. ; ). Thus, even patents that acknowledge only a commercial institution might actually have an academic origin.