Applies to developed economies as well

(Dr. Uma Suthersanen, Chair in International Intellectual Property Law, Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary, University of London, United Kingdom“Utility models: Do they really serve national innovation strategies?,” pg online @ https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3139963 //pa-ef)

This study concludes that strong IPRs do not necessarily lead to development, but that countries have to tailor their regime to pick the appropriate cocktail of IPRs that will suit the national innovative and economic environment.38 A more recent 2013 Australian economic review confirmed that the economic effect of utility models decreases with the rise of technological capacity in industries; the report concluded however that the continued use of utility models in Japan, Germany, France and Italy suggests that these patents may have a role in innovation and economic growth even in developed economies.39