ICT enhances participatory governance and institutional capacity.

In this era of the internet generation, the use of information and communication technology (ICT) has greatly increased. This growth has resulted in the emergence of a knowledge-based society that provides various facilities (for the public) to perform certain activities and processes in a much more transparent, efficient, and smooth manner. The advancement of ICT and the unification of the electronic media and resources in the services sector helped to promote a knowledge-based society on a large scale. Therefore, today, electronic media are being used in almost every field in the world, and concepts like e-governance, e-government, e-education, e-payments, e-transfer, etc. have emerged in global society. Governments benefited from these electronic media as well, allowing them to carry out their activities and processes in a more efficient and transparent manner. So, concepts like e-government and e-governance have emerged and are being utilized to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of government processes and functions. Because the terms "government" and "governance" are both related and work to provide facilities to the common public, these terms are often used interchangeably.

E-governance and e-government are often used interchangeably, and many people consider them to be the same concept, but in reality, these two terms are quite different from each other. The concept of e-government is related to the functioning and processes of the government by implementing ICT. The use of electronic media provides great benefits, like governments adopting electronic media to perform their duties to improve their performance. It ensures transparency and efficiency in various operations. It provides easy access to information for the common public and increases communication between the people and governments. Further, it also ensures the increased participation of the citizens in various government operations. Therefore, the quality of public service is also ensured.

In contrast, e-governance is related to utilizing ICT to provide government services to the people, disseminate information, and communicate with the general public. It has benefited from the guidance of the government to make improvements in key areas. Citizens are empowered through easy access to information. Moreover, it also increased the reach of the government to the last beneficiary. So, we can say that e-government is a protocol of one-way communication while e-governance is a protocol of two-way communication(Wikipedia, 2021). So, defining the difference between these two terms is easy now. E-government is basically related to the systems of the government, and e-governance is related to the functions of the government. While e-government implies expanding the reach of government services, many system structures and functions are receiving support and being transformed (Singh, 2017).

The term "e-governance" stands for "electronic governance." It is a new trend in the government and administration sector to provide facilities to the common masses. Izhar-ud-Din (2017) said that "e-governance means the utilization of the internet and World Wide Web (WWW) for the transfer of information and delivery of services from the government to citizens" (Izhar Ud Din & Xue, 2017). Atta-Ullah (2021) defines the concept of e-governance in these words: "E-governance stands for electronic governance. It is a unification of information and communication technology (ICT) in all the operations to augment the potential of the government to satisfy the requirements ofthe local public” (Atta Ullah, 2021). So, "e-governance may be defined as the delivery of government services and information to the public by using electronic means"(Ilyas, 2016). Its main aim is to enhance the efficiency of the government and also increase the level of outreach in different public or private sectors.