Protection means state action for recognition, restoration, or realization of IPR. Excludes enforcement.
Pasechnyk ’22 [Olena; 2022; National University ‘Odessa Law Academy’, Ukraine; Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, “International Aspects Of Intellectual Property Rights Protection,” Volume 8, Number 5, https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/international-aspects-of-intellectual-property-rights-protection/viewer]
In accordance with international standards, the term "protection of intellectual property rights" means the activities of authorized state authorities to recognize rights, restore rights and remove obstacles that impede the realization of the rights and interests of subjects of intellectual property rights. In this regard, depending on the context, this term means legal protection of intellectual property rights, restoration of rights (protection of rights) of the right holder, enforcement of rights (Izbash, 2018).