No graphene impact---best studies.

However, the first clinical trial to study acute cardiopulmonary responses to graphene inhalation, published in 2024, concludes that “graphene oxide nanosheet exposure was well tolerated with no adverse effects” on heart rate, blood pressure, lung function and inflammatory markers, regardless of particle size. The study is the culmination of a decade of research on mice and human tissues, but the researchers warn that the results are still preliminary. A slight increase in blood clotting was detected in a laboratory arterial model. Moreover, this is only a short-term trial, and the environmental transformation of graphene nanomaterials is still an unknown.