TURN---The perm drains resources for innovation.

Moreover, by creating a new forum for intellectual property enforcement, ACTA would take away the opportunity to strengthen enforcement norms in the current regimes-whether under the WTO or WIPO. In fact, the creation of multiple fora with overlapping jurisdictions has created serious challenges for national governments. As Kimberlee Weatherall reminded us: There is a risk of confusion and fragmentation in this process, particularly, one would think, for government departments and enforcement bodies subject to multiple overlapping requirements found in multiple overlapping agreements. In a context where we want government to be more efficient, subjecting them to multiple sources of regulation is not likely to lead to happy results. What would we rather government be doing-actually encouraging innovation, or box ticking on their customs processes to check compliance with the multiple different obligations in different treaties? What should money be spent on-grants for artists or yet forms and bodies and meetings about counterfeiting? 620 It is important to remember, given the limited resources, not every country will have the ability to undertake discussions in multiple fora. The more fora there are, the more difficult it will be for less-developed countries to dedicate their efforts to strengthening enforcement norms in a particular forum.